Es muy necesario tener respaldos de nuestra información personal, nuestros datos laborales, fotos, agendas, cualquier documento, email o archivos que tengamos en nuestro ordenador, ya que es nuestro salvavidas ante cualquier eventualidad que pudiera suceder con nuestro ordenador o servidor.
Recordemos que los archivos que tenemos en nuestro ordenador muchas veces representan años de trabajo, recuerdos de vacaciones y amistades o correos que pueden ser importantes. Nuestra “vida digital” no puede depender de que un disco falle.
¿Qué respaldar?
En lo personal, intento respaldar todo, desde lo más personal (documentos de texto, fotos, imágenes, emails, chats) hasta mis archivos de trabajo (webs, scripts y demás). Intento tener todo en varios sitios para estar tranquilo acerca de la integridad y seguridad de mi información digital.
No olvidemos respaldar:
– Emails, si utilizamos un cliente de correo de escritorio.
– El perfil de nuestro navegador favorito (bookmarks, cookies, plugins, themes).
– Las tipografías que tenemos instaladas (en Windows generalmente se encuentran en C:\Windows\Fonts).
– Drivers, siempre es bueno tener una copia de los drivers de nuestro ordenador.
– Todos los documentos de texto, hojas de cálculo, archivos PDFs.
– Todas nuestras webs, diseños, scripts y trabajos.
– Las fotografías, seguro no queremos perder nuestros mejores recuerdos.
– Recursos, libros y tutoriales que tengamos guardados en el ordenador.
– Opcionalmente: conversaciones de chat, videos, música, películas, documentales…
¿Cómo respaldar?
En primer lugar debemos definir el medio, que irá de acuerdo al equipo con que contemos, las opciones son variadas; podemos realizar respaldos en CDs, DVDs, Unidades USB, Discos Duros Externos y hasta en servidores web y especialmente en servicios en la nube.
La decisión depende del volumen de datos a respaldar, así como de tus posibilidades y lo que más cómodo te resulte. Luego tenemos diferentes métodos para el respaldo de información: podemos optar por un respaldo manual (copiar o grabar directamente los archivos), utilizar algún programa que realice backups o algún servicio de web-backup o backup remoto.
En general, es buena idea guardar los respaldos físicos (disco externo, CDs o DVDs) en otro sitio distinto donde tenemos el ordenador, para estar cubiertos en caso de cualquier tipo de siniestro (incendio, hurto o similar) y además tener documentado que contiene cada copia de respaldo.
¿Cuándo respaldar?
Es importante tomar conciencia de realizar nuestros respaldos periódicamente.
¿Cada cuánto tiempo?, dependerá de la velocidad con que tu volumen de datos crezca o se modifique. Como recomendación práctica se debe hacer un respaldo completo cada mes y un respaldo rápido cada semana (archivos que varían mucho, nuevos proyectos o documentos que se van creando).
Lo importante es que tengas tu información segura y que esos datos sean relativamente actuales, de poco sirve un respaldo completo pero de hace dos años.
Respaldo en la nube, ¿Cómo?
Existen varios servicios gratuitos que podrás usar como ubicación de respaldo en línea permanente para tus archivos, por ejemplo: Google Drive, Microsoft SkyDrive, Apple iCloud, DropBox y más. Estos servicios ofrecen una buena cantidad de espacio libre gratuitamente, pero el espacio puede aumentarse a cambio de una cuota.
También existen servicios de respaldo basado en nubes que cobran una cuota anual. Por lo general, están más dirigidos directamente a respaldar e incluyen opciones de programación.
Si vas a usar un servicio gratuito, dependerá de ti mantener tus respaldos. Agrega manualmente los archivos al servicio casi como lo harías con un disco duro externo. Algunos servicios como SkyDrive y Google Drive te brindarán una carpeta que podrás colocar en tu Escritorio. Todo aquello que agregues a esta carpeta se sincronizará con tu memoria nube
Si bien la cantidad de espacio que se te brinda al inscribirte parece mucho, podrías ver que ya no será suficiente cuando agregues tus fotos y videos. Solo respalda los archivos más necesarios, revísalos ocasionalmente en la nube y elimina las versiones antiguas.
Consejos
Será recomendable respaldar la información de diferentes maneras, de modo que tengas un respaldo extra en caso de que tu respaldo primario falle. También podrías tener un medio de respaldo para un tipo de archivos y otros medios para otros, por ejemplo, una memoria flash para tus proyectos con los que trabajas actualmente y un disco duro externo para tus fotografías y archivos de música.
Respalda la información oportuna y regularmente.
Manuel Ballester
Socio Director Área de Consultoría, Auren
Vicepresidente Academia Mexicana Ciencia Sistemas
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